Heavy menstrual bleeding, also known as menorrhagia, is characterized by excessively heavy or prolonged menstrual periods that can interfere with daily life. This condition is defined as losing more than 80 milliliters of blood per cycle or having periods that last longer than seven days. Heavy menstrual bleeding can result from a variety of causes, including hormonal imbalances, such as those related to thyroid disorders or conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Uterine abnormalities, such as fibroids, polyps, or adenomyosis, can also lead to excessive bleeding by disrupting the normal uterine lining. Additionally, bleeding disorders like von Willebrand disease or platelet dysfunction can contribute to menorrhagia. Certain medications, particularly anticoagulants and hormonal contraceptives, may also be associated with increased menstrual bleeding. In some cases, heavy bleeding may be linked to underlying health conditions such as endometriosis or cancer of the reproductive organs.
Treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding is tailored to the underlying cause and the severity of the symptoms. For hormonal imbalances, treatments might include hormonal therapies, such as birth control pills, hormonal IUDs, or progestin-only medications, which can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce bleeding. Non-hormonal options, such as tranexamic acid or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can also be effective in managing bleeding. For uterine abnormalities, procedures like hysteroscopy can be used to remove polyps or fibroids, while endometrial ablation may be recommended to destroy the uterine lining and reduce bleeding. In cases of bleeding disorders, specific treatments to address the blood clotting issues are necessary. Surgical options, such as hysterectomy, might be considered for severe cases where other treatments are ineffective. It is important for individuals experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding to seek medical evaluation to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
